武汉大学分子生物学全部课程3.pptx

Welcome Each of You to My Molecular Biology Class;Molecular Biology of the Gene, 5/E --- Watson et al. (2004);Part II: Maintenance of the Genome;Maintenance of the Genome;CHAPTER 6;OUTLINE;DNA STRUCTURE;DNA STRUCTURE (1) ;Schematic model;Nucleoside Nucleotide, the fundamental building block of DNA;;DNA polarity: is defined by the asymmetry of the nucleotides and the way they are joined.;Bases in DNA;DNA STRUCTURE (2);The two strands of the double helix are held together by base pairing in an antiparallel orientation, Which is a stereochemical consequence of the way that adenine and thymine,and guanine and cytosine, pair with each other. (Related to replication and transcription);The Two Chains of the Double Helix Have Complementary Sequences;The strictness of the rules for “Waston-Crick” pairing derives from the complementarity both of shape and of hydrogen bonding properties between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine.;A:C incompatibility;Hydrogen Bonding Is Important for the Specificity of Base Pairing;The double helix has Minor and Major grooves (What Why);The Major groove is rich in chemical information (What are the biological relevance?);A: H-bond acceptors;The double helix exists in multiple conformations. ;;;DNA strands can separate (denature) and reassociate (anneal);DNA TOPOLOGY;DNA TOPOLOGY (1);Species of cccDNA Plasmid and circular bacterial chromosomes Linear DNA molecules of eukaryotic chromosomes due to their extreme length, entrainment in chromatin and interaction with other cellular components (Ch 7);Structure (2): Linking number is composed of Twist and Writhe;Local disruption of base pairs;Function (1): DNA in cells is negatively supercoiled; nucleosomes introduces negative supercoiling in eukaryotes;Function (2): Topoisomerases (P115-119);;RNA STRUCTURE;RNA STRUCTURE (1);Biological roles of RNA;Structure (1): RNA chains fold back on themselves to form local regions of double helix similar to A-form DNA