土木工程专业外语.pptxVIP

土木工程专业外语 Civil Engineering Specialty English军事建筑工程系建筑结构教研室曹保bssx@听、说、读、写听、说、读、写介绍听和说大学英语科技英语CET4　和　CET6重点在阅读、翻译和写作。序言(preface)Specialty English and College English (科技英语与英语 )进阶基础科技文献的阅读和翻译日常应用词汇、语法、句型Part One Characteristic of specialty English（科技英语的特点 ）文体行文清晰、客观、精练、严密内容信息量大、强调存在的事实简洁、准确、清晰大量使用名词化结构广泛使用被动语句非限定动词后置定语复合词与缩略词长句多种方法表达数字和否定目的手段WHAT?一、大量使用名词化结构(Nominalization )Archimedes first discovered the principle that water is displaced by solid bodies.阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实。二、广泛使用被动语句(the passive)WHY?比较下面两段短文：We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance. It is measured in farads.电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属板内。这样的装置称之为电容器。其储存电能的能力称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。 英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态结构。强调与客观使用时要注意：主要的信息置于句首 ;尽量避免使用第一、二人称 在科技文中，一般将how，wh-词引导的从句转换成how,wh-词引导的不定式短语。从而使句子结构更加简洁、紧凑 三、非限定动词 (the nonrestrictive verb)A) A direct current is a current which flows always in the direction. B)A direct current is a current flowing in the same direction. 在科技英语中，不常使用非限制定语从句，而使用非限定动词，即非谓语动词 A) In the communications, the problem of electronics is how information is conveyed from one place to another. B) In the communications, the problem of electronics is how to convey from one place to another. 使用分词短语代替定语从句或状语从句；使用分词独立结构代替状语从句或并列分句；使用不定式短语代替各种从句；介词十动名词短语代替定语从句或状语从句 四、后