四川大学多媒体课件3.pptxVIP

数 据 压 缩一、Information Theory二、Why Compression ?三、How to Compress?四、Lossless Compression五、Lossy Compression六、JPEG七、JPEG2000八、MPEG standards1. MPEG Video2. Scalable MPEG-2 Video3. MPEG Audio一、信息理论概述信息理论之父为什么压缩?如何压缩?无损压缩 Lossless compression有损压缩 Lossy compression图象 Image视频 Video声音 Audio未来?信息理论之父 ——Claude ShannonBorn: 30 April 1916 in Gaylord, Michigan, USADied: 24 Feb 2001 in Medford, Massachusetts, USA信息理论之父 ——Claude Shannon (续)The founding father of electronic communications ageAmerican mathematical engineerIn 1936~1940, MIT: Masters thesis, A symbolic analysis of relay and switching circuitsDoctoral thesis: on theoretical geneticsIn 1948: A mathematical theory of communication, landmark, climax(An important feature of Shannons theory: concept of entropy )二、为什么压缩? 任务：存储和传送多媒体信息.Example:(1) Text: Word documentchp09.doc: 12.3 MBchp09.zip: 907 KB (WinZip 8.0)chp09.rar: 767 KB (WinRAR 2.7, Finland)为什么压缩? (续)(2) Digital camera (image), Card with 64 MBpicture: 1280 pixels/line×960 lines/picture×3 B/pixel ＝ 3.6864 MB/pictureTotal (without compression): 64 MB/(3.6864 MB/picture) ＝ 17 picturesTotal (with compression)：198 picturesCompression ratio: 198/52 ＝ 11.647 picture: 640 ×480×3：0.9216 MB/pictureTotal (without compression): 69 picturesTotal (with compression)：663 picturesCompression ratio: 663/69 ＝ 9.5472为什么压缩? (续)(3) Audio: e.g.CD-Audio： 44 100 samples/s × 16 B/samples × 2(left, right) = 1.4112 Mb/s !!!MP3: - Near CD:96 kb/s Compression ratio:15:1 - CD:112 ~ 128 kb/s Compression ratio: 10 ~ 12:1 为什么压缩? (续)(4) Video, e.g. DVD-Video: (假设子采样为 4:2:2)Y(亮度):720×576×25×8 ≈ 83 Mb/s (PAL)720×480×30×8 ≈ 83 Mb/s (NTSC) Cr(红色差), Cb(蓝色差):2×360×576×25×8 ≈ 83 Mb/s (PAL)2×360×480×30×8 ≈ 83 Mb/s (NTSC)　Total: 166 Mb/s !!!Average bit rate:4.1 Mb/s Compression ratio: 40:1为什么压缩? (续)解决办法:– 更高带宽– 减少传输位数来传送未压缩信息内容？其他 ?为什么压缩? (续)——文件编码（coding ）减少存储空间和传输时间普遍使用的文本、图象、声音、视频（text, images, sound, ，video）文件转换成bit数较少的文件这种压缩文件（compressed files）以后可以扩展成为原来形式，显示或执行为什么压缩? (续)压缩算法更适合某种类型文件的压缩算法