国际经济与贸易英语：chapter 2 Int l Trade Policy.pptVIP

Learning Outcomes After learning Chapter 2, students should: ? know two modes of trade policy - Free Trade policy - Protective policy ? understand two types of trade barriers - Tariff barriers - non-tariff barriers Tariff Barriers What’s Tariff? A tariff is a tax or duty levied on the traded commodity as it crosses a national boundary. These tariffs can be of two types: protective（保护性关税） and revenue（财政关税）. Protective tariff (Import tax) - It is designed to raise the retail price（零售价格） of imported products so that domestic goods will be more competitive and foreign business will be discouraged（气馁） from shipping certain goods into the country. It is meant to save jobs for domestic workers to keep industries from bankruptcy（破产） because of foreign competition. Tariff Barriers Revenue Tariff - It is designed to raise money for the government. It is also commonly used by developing countries to help infant industries（新兴工业） compete in global markets. The ways of imposing tariffs（征收关税） Specific, Ad valorem（从价税） and compound duties（复合关税）. -Ad valorem Duty is a tax that is levied as a fraction of the value of the imported goods (or it is expressed as a fixed percentage of the value of the traded commodity). Tariff Barriers Specific Duty is levied as a fixed charge for each unit of goods imported (or it is expressed as a fixed sum per physical unit of the traded commodity). Compound duty is a combination of an ad valorem and a specific tariff or duty. back Copyright ? 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 8-* protective and revenue tariff back Non-tariff Barriers As the bilateral（双边的） and multilateral（多边的） trade treaty signed between or/and among countries, more and more countries restricted（限制）, now, their imports by non-tariff barriers. Non-tariff Barriers A non-tariff barrier to imports is any policy used by a government to reduce（减少） imports, other than a simple tariff on imports. Non-tariff barriers can take many forms（形式）, inc