资料课件成果tumor immunology.pptxVIP

Cancer ImmunologyIntroductionAgs expressed by cancer cellsNature of immune responseHow cancer evades immune systemImmunotherapyTumor Cells that continue to replicate, fail to differentiate into specialized cells, and become immortal. Malignant: A tumor that grows indefinitely and spreads (metastasis)--also called cancer: kills hostBenign: A tumor that does not grow indefinitely and is not capable of metastasis: does not kill hostmuscle, nerve, bone, bloodTypes of CancerCarcinoma: Cancer of endo or ectoderm arising from epithelial tissue, such as glands, breast, skin, and linings of the urogenital, digestive, and respiratory systems (89.3% of all cancers) Sarcoma: arise from the embryological mesoderm solid tumors of muscles, bone, and cartilage that (1.9% of all cancers)Cancers of hematopoietic cellsLeukemia: disease of bone marrow causing excessive production of leukocytes (3.4% of all cancers)Lymphoma: diseases of the lymph nodes and spleen that cause excessive production of lymphocytes (5.4% of cancers)Types of cancers based on etiologic agentChemically-induced tumorsEach tumor induced by a carcinogen (benzopyrene) injected at various sites expresses a unique Ag.Thus difficult to develop vaccine.Virus-induced tumorsTumors induced by same virus express same tumor Ag.Induce a strong immune response.e.g. Gardasil – Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) induced cervical cancerUV-induced tumorsUV radiation---melanomasEtiology of CancerGenetic factors: mutations, translocation, amplifications failure in the cellular growth controlEnvironmental factors: UV, chemicals, viral infectionsconversion of proto-oncogenes (potential for cell transformation) to oncogenes (cell transformation) alteration in tumor suppressor genesCell GrowthControl of cell growthGrowth-promotingProto-oncogenesGrowth-restrictingTumor-suppressor genesRadiationChemicalsVirusMutationsUncontrolled cell growthConversion of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes: amplification of c-erbB2 in breast cancer point mutation of