(完整)语言学知识点(语言学简明教程胡壮麟版),推荐文档.docVIP

I Definition A卷 ① Phonetics 语言学 (P17) Phonetics is the field of language study concerning the physical properties of sounds and speech sounds. ② Minimal pairs最小辨立对(P42) They are made up of similar sound sequenceexcept for the difference of one sound in the corresponding position. ③ Ope n-class开放类词 (P66) They are indefinitely extendable. Nouns, verbs, adjectives and many adverbs are all open-class words. ④ Inv ariable words 可变化词(P67) Invariable words refer to those words such as conjunctions, prepositions, interjections, etc. . T hey do not have inflective endings. ⑤ Morpheme 语素(P68) In linguistics, the minimal unit of meaning is called morpheme. ⑥ Compou nds 复合词(P69) Compounds consist wholly of free morphemes. ⑦ Derivatio n 派生(P72) Derivation is the process in which new words are created from already existing words through affixation. ⑧ Pragmatics 语用学 (P150) Pragmatics is a study of the intended meaning of speakers in a particular context. ⑨ Ble ndi ng 缩合 (P187) Blending here means to form a new word by joining the initial part of a word and the initial or final part of another word together. ⑩ Dissimilation 异化 (P189) This occurs when one of two similar or identical sounds in a word change in such a way that it becomes less similar to the other. B卷 ① Articulatory phonetics 发声语音学 (P18) It studies the sound units from the angle of how each sound segment is articulated. ② Diphthongs (P) There are vowels which may be described as a sequence of two sounds, or the glide from one vowel position to another. ③ Minimal pairs 最小辨立对 (P42) They are made up of similar sound sequenceexcept for the difference of one sound in the corresponding position. ④ Closed-class 封闭类词 (P66) Words in this class cannot normally be extended by the reation of additional members. ⑤ Stem 词干 (P70) A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added. ⑥ Conversion 转化 (P75) Conversion is actually the derivational process whereby a word is adapted or converted to