Measure06SPC1V3B六西格玛课件.pptxVIP

;You Are Here;Goals;Sections;Section 1;Uses for Control Charts;Discussion: Control Charts for Individuals;Discussion: Answers;Practice: Review Types of Variation ;Practice: Review Signals of Special Causes ;Common-Cause Variation;Common-Cause Variation, cont. ;Special-Cause Variation;Special-Cause Variation, cont. ;Tests for Special Causes;Tests for Special Causes, cont. ;Individuals Charts:The Swiss Army? Knife of Control Charts;Introduced in Measure as one of the most common types of control charts Most often used for continuous data where each data point represents a single measurement (“individuals data”) Control limits determined by the process mean + (or + ) Useful in a wide variety of situations;As discussed in Measure, to make an individuals chart you need measures taken one at a time, in sequence, over a period of time. These measures may be taken: At a specific time, such as daily or weekly measures As they occur, such as measures of items as they are produced The centerline of an individuals chart is generally the average or mean. There are two sets of formulas commonly used to calculate the control limits, one based on the average moving range (R-bar) and one based on the median moving range (R-tilde). Method 2, using , is preferred because it is not influenced by special causes as much. If there are special causes this method will generally give you narrower limits than method 1, reflecting common causes more accurately, and increasing the odds that you’ll detect the special causes. However, many companies prefer to use . If there are no special causes, either method will give you the same limits.;Omitting Special Causes From Calculations;Responding to Control Charts;Consequences of Actions Taken in Response to Control Charts;Strategy for Eliminating Special Causes of Variation;Strategy for Reducing Common Causes of Variation;Exercise 1: Interpreting Individuals Charts;Case #1—Training Costs The director of human res