英语动词不定式的用法.pptVIP

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  • 2021-10-05 发布于广东
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英语动词不定式的用法 第一页,共30页。 ?动词不定式的特征和种类 动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to也可省略。 A. 不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语 的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。? He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。(同时发生)? To catch the train, wed better hurry to the station by taxi. 为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。(to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后) B.不定式的进行式表示正在进行的动作。 ? It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候,天碰巧在下雨。? 第二页,共30页。 C. 不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。? Im sorry to have lost your key. 我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。 D 不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语之前发生并且一直进行着。? He was said to have been living in London for twenty years. 据说他在伦敦一直住了20年。? 比较:? 不定式的时态意义。? He is said to be studying abroad. 据说他正在国外读书。(不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行)? He is said to have studied abroad. 据说他在国外学习过。(不定式的完成式表示动作已经结束) 第三页,共30页。 E.当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系,有一般式和完成时两种。 1.一般式 to be done? These are the books to be given out to the students. 这些是要发给学生的书。 ? 2.完成式 to have been done? The novel is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。? F. 不定式的否定形式-------? 不定式的否定形式由not或never加不定式构成。? We decided not to go out because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好,我们决定不出去。?? 注意:谓语动词的否定和不定式的否定不同的意义? I did not promise to wake him up. 我没有答应叫醒他。? I promised not to wake him up. 我答应了不叫醒他。 第四页,共30页。 一、不定式结构作主语 To see one time is better than to hear a hundred times. To persevere means victory! 注①:在很多情况下,特别是在口语中,常采用先行it代替主语,而把不定式后置: It’s a great pleasure to be here. It is not an easy thing to master a language. 注②:这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词不是系动词的句子,如: It took us five hours to get there. It made us very angry to hear him talk like that. 第五页,共30页。 注③:不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出,也可以由“ for + 名词词组” 来表示,如: It is not hard for one to do a bit of good. It was difficult for me to do the work. 注④:某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时,常在不定式之前加上 “of + 名词词组” 来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况,如: It’s kind of you to think so much of us. It’s very nice of you to be so considerate. It’s unwise of them to turn down the proposal. It was careless of

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