大一下有机化学第三章烯烃.pptx

Chapter 3 Alkene烯烃Electrophilic Addition 亲电加成反应Free Radical Addition 自由基加成反应Alkene Alkene 烯烃 : a hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds （-C=C-）. Unsaturated hydrocarbon 不饱和烃: Contains one or more multiple bonds. Contains a carbon-carbon double bond and has the general formula CnH2n .Alkene Alkene Ethene is the hormone thatcauses tomatoes to ripen.Structure and Isomers and Nomenclature 1. StructureStructure and Isomers and Nomenclature 1. Structure乙烯、乙烷、丙烯键长与键能化学键键长(nm)键能(KJ/mol)乙烷Csp3- Csp3单键乙烷Csp3-Hs乙烯Csp2- Csp2双键乙烯Csp2- Hs丙烯Csp2- Csp2双键丙烯Csp2- Csp3单键0.154 3760.111 4200.133 6110.108 4440.134 5850.151 406Structure and Isomers and Nomenclature2. Isomers 异构体 Constitutional Isomer 构造异构体 Cis-Trans Isomer 顺反异构体Cis-trans isomer or geometric isomersStructure and Isomers and Nomenclature Cis-Trans Isomerthe two isomers are different compounds with different physical propertiesStructure and Isomers and Nomenclature Cis-Trans Isomer Cis and trans isomers can be interconverted (in the absence of any added reagents) only when the molecule absorbs sufficient heat or light energy to cause the πbond to break, because once the π bond is broken, rotation can occur about the remaining σ bond. Cis–trans interconversion, therefore, is not a practical laboratory process.Structure and Isomers and Nomenclature Cis-Trans Isomer反式（有活性） 顺式（无活性）Structure and Isomers and Nomenclature Cis-Trans Isomer 本品为钙离子通道阻滞剂，通过提高脑血管的血流量，改善脑的代谢。Structure and Isomers and Nomenclature 3. Nomenclature of AlkenesCommon Name:乙烯 丙烯 异丁烯Structure and Isomers and Nomenclature 3. Nomenclature of AlkenesIUPAC Name:The longest continuous chain containing the functional group is numbered in a direction that gives the functional group suffix the lowest possible number.Structure and Isomers and Nomenclature 3. Nomenclature of AlkenesIUPAC Name:B. The name of a substituent is cited before the name of the longest continuous chain containin