《数据库原理（第6版）英文版》教学课件—ch01Getting Started.pptxVIP

Chapter OneGetting StartedChapter Objectives1-Identify the purpose and scope of this bookKnow the potential problems with listsUnderstand the reasons for using a databaseUnderstand how using related tables helps you avoid the problems of using listsKnow the components of a database systemLearn the elements of a databaseLearn the purpose of the database management system (DBMS)Understand the functions of a database applicationPurpose of a DatabaseThe purpose of a database is to keep track of things.Unlike a list or spreadsheet, a database may store information that is more complicated than a simple list.1-Problems with Lists:Redundancy1-In a list, each row is intended to stand on its own. As a result, the same information may be entered several times.For Example: A list of Projects may include the Project Manager’s Name, ID, and Phone Extension. If a particular person is managing 10 projects, his/her information would have to be entered 10 times.Problems with Lists:Multiple Themes1-In a list, each row may contain information on more than one theme. As a result, needed information may appear in the lists only if information on other themes is also present.For Example: A list of Projects may include Project Manager information (Name, ID, and Phone Extension) and Project information (Name, ID, StartDate, Budget) in the same row.List Modification IssuesRedundancy and multiple themes create modification problems:Deletion problemsUpdate problemsInsertion problems1-List Modification Issues (Cont’d)Figure 1-5: The Student with Adviser and Department List1-Addressing Information ComplexitiesRelational databases are designed to address many of the information complexity issues.1-Relational Databases1-A relational database stores information in tables. Each informational topic is stored in its own table.In essence, a relational database will break-up a list into several parts—one part for each theme in the list.A Project List would be divided into a CUSTOMER Table, a PR