高考英语语法必考知识点高考英语虚拟语气用法.docVIP

一、语气的概念及分类 语气是动词一种形式，是一种语法范畴，用以表示说话人的意图或态度。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 1、陈述语气：表示所说的话是事实。如： Water flows to the lower place. China lies in the east of Asia. 2、祈使语气：表示请求、命令、号召、警告、禁止等。如： Go out. Don’t make noise. Take it easy. 3、虚拟语气：虚拟语气把动作动作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”，而不是当作客观现实中的真实条件，表示说话人一种主观的想象、愿望和建设等。如： I wish that I lived on the moon. If I were a millionaire, I would buy anything I wanted. He suggests that we should try another way. 二、虚拟语气的形式分类 虚拟语气的形式有一些七种。 1、动词原形。用于一切人称和数。如： Only that he doesn’t work hard, he would be fired. If that be so, what should we do? 2、动词是过去式，用于一切人称和数，be的过去式用were。如： If you told me it, I wouldn’t come. If I were you, I would apologize to her. 3、had +过去分词，用于一切人称和数。如： If I had got up early, I would have caught the train. I wouldn’t become sick if I hadn’t eaten that bad apple. 4、should +动词原形（should可以省略，又称动词原形虚拟语气）用于一切人称和数。如： He suggested that they (should) delay the meeting. It is strange that he should pass the exam. 5、助动词should（第一人称）或would（第二、第三人称）+动词原形。如： If I witnessed the accident, I would call the police. If I were you, I should face it out. 6、助动词should + have +过去分词，用于一切人称和数。如： I should have told you about the news. It’s surprising that he should have done that thing. 7、助动词should（第一人称）或would（第二、三人称）+have +过去分词。如： If I had carried an umbrella, I shouldn’t have been caught in the storm.（但常用would代替should） He would have earned a lot of money if he had continued to open the store. 三、虚拟语气在条件句中的运用 英语中条件句中有两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句。真实条件句所表示的假设是可能发生的或实现的，从句和主语都用陈述语气。非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的。虚拟语气用在非真实条件句中，条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气，非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句、错综时间条件句和含蓄条件句等。 1、虚拟条件句 虚拟条件句可分为三大类：一是叙述与现在事实相反的情况，二是叙述与过去事实相反的情况，三是用来推测将来的情况，也称之为“推测条件句”，其构成列表如下： 条件从句 结果主句 与现在事实相反 If I（we、you、he、she、it、they）+动词过去式（be动词的过去式须用were） I（we、you、he、she、it、they）+ would +动词原形 与过去事实相反 If I（we、you、he、she、it、they）+had +过去分词 I（we、you、he、she、it、they）+ would + have +过去分词 与将来时间相反 ①一般过去式（be的过去式须用were） ②were +不定式 ③should +动词原形 Would（should）+动词原形 注：上表中的would有时可换用should、could或might。 ①与现在事实相反的非真实条件句。 If I