大二下分子生物学chapter.pptx

回顾前一次课所学的内容 1. 染色体、染色质和核小体以及染色体的结构特点。 2. DNA包装成染色体的重要性是什么？ 3. 基因组大小、基因数量和基因密度的概念。 4. 在真核细胞中，影响基因密度大小的因素什么？ 5. DNA重复序列的特点和分布。 6. 染色体中的哪些元件不参与基因的表达？ 7. 什么是细胞周期？真核染色体在细胞周期中的复制和分裂过程。 8. 端粒酶的功能的是什么？ 9. 细胞周期检查点的作用是什么？ 10. 核小体的组成，组蛋白的结构特点。 12. 能够调节染色质结构的因素有哪些??? ;CHAPTER 8:;The Chemistry of DNA Synthesis;In 1957, M. Meselson and F. W. Stahl successfully obtained the experimental proof for the semi-conservative replication of DNA. They did this by inventing a new technique called Density Gradient Centrifugation. Their paper was published in 1958 and ever since, the experiment has often been referred to as: one of the most beautiful experiments in biology. ;Meselson and Stahl Experiment ;Meselson and Stahl.swf;Complications of DNA replication;T1: The Chemistry of DNA Synthesis T2: The Mechanism of DNA Polymerase T3: The Replication Fork T4: The Specialization of DNA Polymerases T5: DNA Synthesis at the Replication Fork T6: Initiation of DNA Replication T7: Binding and Unwinding T8: Finishing Replication;The first part describes the basic chemistry of DNA synthesis and the function of the DNA polymerase.;CHAPTER 8;(1) DNA Synthesis Requires Deoxynucleoside Triphosphates and a Primer:Template junction ;CHAPTER 8;CHAPTER 8;(1) DNA Pol use a single active site to catalyze DNA synthesis ;CHAPTER 8;CHAPTER 8;CHAPTER 8;CHAPTER 8;CHAPTER 8;CHAPTER 8;CHAPTER 8;CHAPTER 8;CHAPTER 8;(3) DNA Pol are processive enzymes ;The thumb helps to maintain a strong association between the DNA polymerase and its substrate.;(4) Exonucleases proofread newly synthesized DNA ;Figure 8-10;T1: The Chemistry of DNA Synthesis T2: The Mechanism of DNA Polymerase T3: The Replication Fork T4: The Specialization of DNA Polymerases T5: DNA Synthesis at the Replication Fork T6: Initiation of DNA Replication T7: Binding and Unwinding T8: Finishing Replication;The second part describes how the synthesis of DNA occurs in the context of an intact chromosome at replication forks. ;T3: The replication fork;CHA