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高一英语语法 一 . 句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义: 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在 therebe 结构、疑问句(当主 语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
We often speak English in class (.代词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure (.不定式)
Smoking does harm to health (.动名词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided (.主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language .
(三)谓语: 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。 动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主
语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:( 1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如: You may keep the book
for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如: We are students .
(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、 特征和状态, 它一般位于系动词 (如 be, become,get,
look, grow, turn, seem 等)之后。
His hobby (爱好) is playing football . (动名词)
The machinemust be out of order (. 介词短语)
Time is up . Class is over . (副词)
(五)宾语: 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 I enjoy listening to popular music . (动名词短语)
I think ( that ) he is fit for his office (.宾语从句)
宾语种类 :( 1)双宾语(间接宾语 +直接宾语),例如: Lend me your dictionary ,please (.2)
复合宾语(宾语 +宾补),例如: They elected him their monitor .
(六)宾语补足语: 补充说明宾语的特征或状态的。
We saw her entering the room . (现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order . (介词短语)
(七)定语: 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
Guilin is a beautiful city. (形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country. (分词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom . (不定式短语)
(八)状语: 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做 状语。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly . (副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years . (介词短语)
He is proud to have passed the examination . (不定式短语)
He is in the room making a model plane (.分词短语)
(九) 同位语:用来说明或者解释同一事物或人,通常放在所说明的名词或者代词之后。可 由以下形式表示:
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to u
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