网络协议工程之协议设计概述.pptx

第 2 章 协议设计（1-协议模型）内容提要协议设计概述1协议模型2协议设计概述协议设计的含义？协议设计是是一件很困难的事情Example: Clayton Tunnel ProtocolExample: 蓝军与白军作战问题协议例子England, 1841, William CookeTelegraph（电报） instead of Optical telegraph for Railway Tunnel Protection, 节省成本（只需1/10）和提高速度。Purpose: avoid that more than one train is in the tunnel at the same timeFirstly used on several lines of the Great Western Railways in England.电报(Telegraph)基本原理，1753，C.M给Scots杂志的信中描述了一个使用一些平行电线来通信的电子电报。1830，英国Michael Faraday和美国Joseph Henry发现了电磁感应1837，William Cooke利用电流来使处在接收端磁场中的罗盘指针发生偏转，从而得到信号。1837年6月12日，第一个电报系统的专利，“五磁针信号系统”。1842年，Cooke“火车可以无所畏惧地行驶，而无论其时间是否正确，也不管其是否在正确的轨道上，因为在使用该系统后，其速率总可以及时地降下来，从而避免碰撞”协议例子England, 1841, William CookeTelegraph（电报） instead of Optical telegraph for Railway Tunnel Protection, 节省成本（只需1/10）和提高速度。Purpose: avoid that more than one train is in the tunnel at the same timeFirstly used on several lines of the Great Western Railways in England.协议例子semaphores with block-interval system(空闲/阻塞信号系统)turn to red automatically as a train passesset to green by hand afterwardssignalmen on both ends linked by telegraphic linemalfunction of block-interval system signalled by a bellred and white flags to replace malfunctioning semaphore协议例子：报文(Messages)Message:TT: Train in TunnelTF: Tunnel is FreeTL: Has the Train left the Tunnel?协议例子：差错控制Error Free Functioningtrain enters tunnel, signalman A sends TT to Btrain leaves the tunnel, B sends TF to AA sets semaphore to green by handUnder Error Situationtrain enters tunnel, A sends TT to Bbell rings, A shows red flag to next traintrain leaves the tunnel, B sends TF to AA shows white flag to next train协议例子：事故(Accident)One day in August 1861 at Clayton Tunnel...train-1 enters tunnel, block-interval system fails(fails to set the signal to red), so the bell warns signalman A, thenA sends TT to B, then fetches the red flag to warn the next train.train-2 comes too fast, and could not stop in time, has already passed the green signal. Fortunately, its driver catches a glimpse of the red