定语从句的翻译方法与技巧.ppt

Lecture 11语序调整之定语从句的译法;英汉定语从句对比;英语中的定语从句有两种：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；例如 This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）  非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开 。例如 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） ;当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。  My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。  This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 ;非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：  He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。  Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发 ;定语从句的译法;（一） 前置法;The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. (2) There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life under the sun of socialism. ;(3) The sun , which had hidden all day , now came out in all its splendor. (4) But Miggle’s laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence. ;（二） 后置法;They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which , in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 2) I told the story to John , who told it to his brother. ;3) World War Ⅱwas, however, more complex than World WarⅠ, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories. ;It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. He saw in front that haggard white-haired old man, whose eyes flashed red with fury. ;He had talked to Vice-President Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 2) One was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective.; （三） 融合法;There are many people who want to see the film. There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day f