2021年清华高校857综合考试考研材料之胡壮麟《语言学教程》考研核心题库之名词解释.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 2021年清华高校857综合考试考研材料之胡壮麟《语言学教程》考研核心题库之名词解释_文档视界   重要提示  本书由本机构编写组多位高分在读研究生按照考试大纲、真题、指定参考书等公开信息潜心整理编写，仅供考研复习参考，与目标学校及研究生院官方无关，如有侵权请联系我们立即处理。Explain the fllowing terms  1．Broad and narrow transcription  【答案】the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription; the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription; while, the use of more specific symbols to show more phonetic detail is referred to as narrow transcription.  2．semantic component  【答案】a distinguishable element of meaning in a word with two values, e.g.  3．Phonetics  【答案】The study of sounds which are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics.  4．ethnic dialect  【答案】Within a society, speech variation may come about because of different ethnic backgrounds . An ethnic language variety is a so-cial dialect of a language, often cutting across regional differences. An eth-nic dialect is spoken mainly by a less privileged population that has experi-enced some form of social isolation, such as racial discrimina-tion or segregation.  5．direct thought  【答案】categories used by novelists to represent the thoughts of their characters are exactly the same as those used to represent a speech..  6．Reference  【答案】It is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between the form and the reality.  7．Affix  【答案】Affixes are of two types: inflectional and derivational. Inflectional affixes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories, while derivational affixes are added to an existing form to create a word.  8．relational opposites  【答案】converse antonymy in reciprocal social roles, kinship relations, and temporal and spatial relations. There are always two entities involved. One presupposes the other. The shorter, better; words .etc are instances of relational opposites.  9．semantic shift