2020福建高考英语一轮复习(北师全国卷1)课时规范练7Unit4(A).docVIP

课时规范练7 Unit 4 (A) （35分钟） _课时规范练第14页 I •阅读理解 A （2017北京卷） Hollywood s theory that mach ines with evil（ 邪恶的）mi nds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly.The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence（AI） may become extremely good at achievi ng someth ing other tha n what we really wan t.I n 1960 a well-k nown mathematicia n Norbert Wiener,who founded the field of cybernetics（ 控制论）,put it this way: If we use,to achieve our purposes,a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere（ 干预）,we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire . ” A mach ine with a specific purpose has ano ther quality ,one that we usually associate with livi ng thin gs:a wish to preserve its own existe nee. For the mach in e,this quality is not in-bor n,nor is it someth ing in troduced by huma ns;it is a logical con seque nee of the simple fact that the mach ine cannot achieve its orig inal purpose if it is dead.So if we send out a robot with the sin gle in struct ion of fetchi ng coffee,it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabli ng its own off switch or even killi ng anyone who might in terfere with its task .If we are not careful,the n,we could face a ki nd of global chess match aga inst very determ in ed,super in tellige nt mach ines whose objectives con flict with our own ,with the real world as the chessboard. The possibility of en teri ng into and los ing such a match should concen trate the minds of computer scie ntists.Some researchers argue that we can seal the mach ines in side a ki nd of firewall,us ing them to an swer difficult questio ns but n ever allow ing them to affect the real world. Unfortun ately,that pla n seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans,let alone super in tellige nt mach in es. Solvi ng the safety problem well eno ugh to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.There are