现在完成时延续性与暂短性动词用法.docxVIP

现在完成时延续性与暂短性动词用法 现在完成时延续性与暂短性动词用法 PAGE 现在完成时延续性与暂短性动词用法 现在完成时（短暂性动词与延续性动词）的用法 基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ? ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ? ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ? ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ? ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） （1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. ? I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) ? Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) ? Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) ? He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) ? （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. ? Mary has been ill for three days. ? I have lived here since 1998. ? 注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 ? come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be open ? die-be dead ? 代替buy ? My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. ? 2、用keep或have代替borrow ? I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ? 3、用be替代become ? How long has your sister been a teacher? ? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold ? Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ? 5、用wear代替put on ? b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词 ? 1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill ? 3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep ? 5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave ? 7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut ? 9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose ? c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词 ? 1“be＋on”代start,begin ? 2“be＋up”代get up ? 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to ? 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 ? d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词 ? 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to ? 2.用be in the army 代替join the army ? 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to ? 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表： ? 1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. ? →have been in sw./at…相应的介词 ? 2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back ? 3. have come/gone out →have been out ? 4. have become → have been ? 5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open ? 6. have got up → have been up； ? 7. have died → have been dead； ? 8. have l