邻避冲突过程中的政府风险沟通机制探析.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 40 邻避冲突过程中的政府风险沟通机制探析 摘要：现代工业社会已进入“风险社会”，风险成为这个时代的主导力量。在风险社会中，风险呈现出多样化和复杂化的特点，变得难以预测，如何有效避免和抵御风险是当代社会的重要课题。同时，随着我国工业化和城镇化地不断深入，现有的邻避设施数量将无法满足社会的需求，但是由于邻避设施具有成本-收益分配不对称的特性，它的选址问题将导致邻避冲突不断增多，不利于我国社会的可持续发展。风险沟通在西方发达国家是应对邻避冲突的重要机制，但由于我国对风险沟通的研究起步晚，政府在开展风险沟通的过程中暴露出很多弊端。因此，研究我国政府应如何开展风险沟通以有效地应对邻避冲突，不仅可以弥补国内对风险沟通领域研究的不足，而且可以更好地指导我国政府风险沟通的实践过程。 本文首先利用文献分析法和定性分析法，概述了风险沟通在西方发达国家产生的社会背景，及主要的理论研究成果，为我国政府的风险沟通实践提供理论基础。其次，在风险认知理论的框架下，笔者以杭州余杭垃圾焚烧发电厂和宁波镇海PX事件为例，分析了我国地方政府在应对邻避冲突过程中的风险沟通现状，主要表现为风险沟通缺位和滞后、单向的风险沟通模式、风险沟通专业性缺失、渠道单一以及方式僵化等问题。最后，结合我国邻避冲突产生的社会逻辑和政府风险沟通的不足，笔者从树立沟通双方平等合作的理念、加快政府风险沟通机制的专业化建设以及建设风险沟通评估机制这三大层面出发，为构建我国政府应对邻避冲突的风险沟通机制提供合理的路径选择。 关键词：邻避冲突；风险认知；风险沟通；路径选择 The Analysis of Government Risk Communication Mechanism in NIMBY Conflict Abstract: Modern industrial society has already become a risky society and risk is the dominant force in our times. In the risky society, risk presents the characteristics of diversification and complication, which is hard to be predicted. So how to effectively prevent and resist risk is an important topic in the contemporary society. Meanwhile, due to the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in our country, the existing number of NIMBY won’t meet the demand of society, but NIMBY location selection problems will lead to the increasing conflicts, which is harmful for the sustainable development, because NIMBY facilities are asymmetric in cost-income distribution. Risk communication is an important mechanism to solve NIMBY conflicts in western developed countries, but compared with it, risk communication research starts lately in China, so our governments expose many disadvantages in the process of risk communication. Therefore, studying governments how to carry out risk communication, not only can make up for the lack of domestic research in risk communication field, but can guide the practice of our governments’ risk communication. This paper firstly uses the literature and qualitative analysis methods to summa