语言学教程各章节练习及答案.pdfVIP

. Exercises to Linguistics 外语系 黄永亮 . . Chapter 1 Invitation to Linguistics 1. Define the following terms: Langue: Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. Parole: parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. Prescriptive: Prescriptive and descriptive represent two different types of linguistic study. if the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for “correct and standard”behaviour in using language, i.e. to tell people what they should day and what they should not say, it is said to be prescriptive . Descriptive: Prescriptive and descriptive represent two different types of linguistic study. If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, it is said to be descriptive ; competence: Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user ’s knowledge of the rules of his language. Performance: Chomsky defines performance the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Synchronic: The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study; Diachronic: The description of a language as it changes through time is a diachronic study. Linguistics ：Linguistics may be defined as the systematic (or scientific) study of lang