《英语词汇学》知识点归纳.pdfVIP

English Lexicology(英语词汇学 ) Lexicology : is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary Word: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence Sound and meaning: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself ” Sound and form : 不统一的四个原因 （1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans, which does not have a separate letter to represent each other （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years （3）some of the difference were creates by the early scribes （4 ）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary 词汇 Vocabulary : all the words in a language make up its vocabulary 词语分类 Classification of English Words ： 1. By use frequency: basic word stock non basic vocabulary 基本词汇的特征 : 1)All-National character （全民通用性 most important ） 2)Stability 3)Productivity （多产性） 4)Polysemy （多义性） 5)Collocability （可搭配性） 没有上述特征的词 :(1)Terminology( 术语 ) (2)Jargon （行话） (3)slang （俚语）(4)Argot （暗语）（5）Dialectal words (6) Archaisms （古语） (7) Neologisms （新词语）:Neologisms 2. By notion: content words 实词 functional words 虚词 3. By origin: native words borrowed words Native words （本族语词）: Two other features:(1)neutral in style (2)frequent in use Borrowed words/Loan words: words taken over from foreign languages.(80% of modern EV) 1) denizens( 同化词，融入英语 ): (shirt from skyrta(ON)) 2) aliens