英语经贸知识笔记.docx

英语经贸知识笔记 英语经贸知识笔记 英语经贸知识笔记 《英语经贸知识》要点资料 Lesson 1 International trade: can be defined as the exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another. International specialization: one country producing more of a commodity than it uses itself and selling the remainder to other countries. The theory of comparative advantage: holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, i.e. it has absolute disadvantage in producing both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade. 4. 国际专业化 :international specialization 绝对利益 :absolute advantage 比较利益 :comparative advantage rich in advantage over point on across borders 6.Translation: 在复杂的经济世界中 , 没有一个国家能够完整自给自足。 In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient. 跟着制造业和技术的发展 , 出现了另一个刺激贸易的要素 , 即国际专业 化。 With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, i.e. international specialization. 依据比较利益学说 , 两个贸易伙伴均可从贸易中获取利处。 According to the theory of comparative advantage, both trade partners can benefit from trade. 比较利益其实不是一个静止的观点 , 一个国家能够经过自己的行动发展某种特定的比较利益。 Comparative advantage is not a static concept; a country may develop a particular comparative advantage through its own actions. 比较利益理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石。 The idea of comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade. Economies of scale: that is, the cost advantages of large-scale production. Tariff barriers: are the most common form of trade restriction. A tariff: is a tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a customs area which usually coincides with the area of a country. A customs union: a customs area extending beyond national boundaries to include two or more independent nations is called a customs union. Import duties: are tariffs levied on goods entering an area. Export duties: are taxes levied on goods leaving an area. Drawback: refers to duties paid on im