5初级版课件4english vesion英文版abridged chapter30cholesterol metabolism.pptxVIP

Chapter30 Cholesterol metabolism;Outline;Cholesterol biosynthesis;Four stages of cholesterol synthesis;Acetyl CoA to Isopentenyl Diphosphate;Synthesis of mevalonate;Conversion to activated isoprenes;HMG-CoA reductase;Condensation of isoprenes;Isoprenoids galore!!;Further condensation of isoprenes;And even more condensation of isoprenes;From squalene to cholesterol;Cholesterol trafficking/delivery;Plasma lipoproteins;Apolipoproteins;Four types of lipoproteins under microscope;Low-density lipoprotein (LDL);LDL : the infamous lipoprotein;Receptor-mediated LDL endocytosis;The role of LDL and HDL in cholesterol metabolism;High-density lipoprotein (HDL);HMG-CoA Reductase, the rate-limiting step on the pathway for synthesis of cholesterol, is a major control point. Short-term regulation: -HMG-CoA Reductase is inhibited by phosphorylation, catalyzed by AMP-activated Protein Kinase. -This kinase is active when cellular AMP is high, corresponding to when ATP is low. When AMP is high, why waste energy on cholesterol synthesis? Long-term regulation is by varied transcription and degradation of HMG-CoA Reductase and other enzymes of the pathway for synthesis of cholesterol.;Degradation of cholesterol