副本(1)属于A02第二章地壳及其物质组成讲诉PPT课件.pptVIP

. 不完全解离 磷灰石 Incomplete cleavage apatite 中等解理 锂辉石 Middling cleavage spodumene 矿 物 断 口 贝壳状断口 ?矿物受打击后所产生的不规则的破裂面。 贝壳状断口：矿物破裂后具有弯曲的凸面或凹面和同心状构造，很象贝壳，如石英的断口 平坦状断口：断口面虽然粗糙，但比较平整，如高岭石的断口； 参差状断口：断口面粗糙极不平整，许多矿物具有此种断口，如电气石； 锯齿状断口：断口面狼牙锯齿，突起尖锐，如自然金属矿物的断口 2.3.4 常见矿物Common minerals 石英Quartz (SiO2) 石英是玻璃质, 有透明或半透明的，颜色有白，灰白和烟黑色。个别的石英常见是光亮的，大多数石英是乳白色的。(Quartz is a glassy looking, transparent or translucent mineral which varies in color from white and grey to smoky. When there are individual crystals they are generally clear, while in larger masses quartz looks more milky white.) 石英很硬 - 它能容易地做成刀刃。石英在外形上是不规则的，因为石英晶面很少也没有劈裂 (不会在规则面上裂开)。(Quartz is hard - it can easily scratch a steel knife blade. In many rocks, quartz grains are irregular in shape because crystal faces are rare and quartz does not have a cleavage (it does not break on regular flat faces).) 云母Mica 通过它剥离成薄片的特征很容易辨别云母。这和长石的劈裂类似，不同的是云母的劈裂只有一个方向，没有直角面出现。Mica is easily distinguished by its characteristic of peeling into many thin flat smooth sheets or flakes. This is similar to the cleavage in feldspar except that in the case of mica the cleavage planes are in only one direction and no right angle face joins occur. 云母可能是白色并有珍珠 光泽的 (白云母) 或黑暗并 有光泽的 (黑云母)。Mica may be white and pearly (muscovite) or dark and shiny (biotite). 长石Feldspar (silicate rock) 正长石orthoclase; 斜长石plagioclase 长石是另一种常见的, 浅色矿物。 它不透明外表像瓷器一样。 颜色有红色，粉红色和白色。长石也很硬但是能被石英划出痕。Feldspar is the other common, light-colored rock-forming mineral. It is generally dull to opaque with a (瓷器)porcelain-like appearance. Color varies from red, pink, and white. Feldspar is also hard but can be scratched by quartz. 长石在岩浆岩中以坚硬的长方体晶体出现，有两组相互正交的解理。晶粒相对于石英来说，通常有直的边和平面。Feldspar in igneous rocks forms well developed crystals which are roughly rectangular in shape, and they cleave or break along flat faces. The grains , in contrast to quartz, often have straight edges and flat rectangular faces. 方解石 (CaCO3) Calcite (CaCO3) (carb