21 光呼吸（英文）植物生理学.pdfVIP

Update on Photorespiration Photorespiration Redesigned1 Photorespiration has been a target for crop improve- atmosphere down to levels clearly below 0.1% on a ment ever since the energy losses associated with this molar basis. Much of this fixed carbon was not re- pathway were identified in the 1970s. However, recent leased back to the atmosphere by decomposition of research highlights the importance of photorespiration organic matter, but removed from the biogeochemical as a recycling pathway for the products of ribulose-1,5- carbon cycle by sedimentation and fossilization. Con- bisphosphate (RuBP) oxygenation and its intimate comitantly, the light reactions of oxygenic photosyn- interconnection with primary metabolism. Neverthe- thesis, as the name implies, produced immense less, reducing photorespiratory losses by installation amounts of O2 by using water as the primary electron of alternative salvage pathways in Arabidopsis (Arab- donor. After saturation of mineral deposits and the idopsis thaliana) resulted in enhanced growth and bio- seawater, O2 started to accumulate in the atmosphere mass. Such approaches will probably also prove useful (Buick, 2008). Today, atmospheric O2 is roughly 500- under field conditions, and in a future atmosphere fold more abundant than CO2 . Fortunately, some other containing higher CO2 concentrations combined with factors such as increased solubility of CO2 compared to high temperature or limiting water. O2 in the aqueous cytosol and the chloroplast stroma (Ku and Edwards, 1977)