沪教版八年级下册初二(下)第一单元unit1语法讲解练习测试.pdfVIP

Unit 1 Helping those in need. 重点句子： 1. Cindy is in hospital because she suffered from serious illnesses. 2. She wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home. 3. .I went there and took some photos of it 4. Her parents died in a car accident, and she is unhappy and very lonely. 5. He hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage. 6. We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits. Grammar 动词不定式： ①基本形式： to+动词原形 （在某些情况下可以不带 to ） ②特点： A. 没有人称和数的变化 B. 可以有自己的宾语和状语 C. 有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为 to be + 动词过去分词） D. 动词不定式的否定式直接在不定式的前面加not. ③动词不定式用法： 1. 作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1) 把不定式置于句首。 如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour. To learn a foreign language is not easy. = It’s not easy to learn a foreign language. (2)用it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。 It is good to help others. 帮助他人是件好事。 It is exciting to surf the Internet. 上网是件令人兴奋的事。 2. 作表语 （表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语 常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常 位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell 等词）之后。如果 句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的，那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句） The important thing is to finish the work on time. (完成工 ) What you have to do now is to clean the classroom. (打扫教室). 1 3. 作宾语 (1) 动词 + to do 常见动词有 agree, choose, decide, forget, fail, go on, learn, hope, mean ( 意味；想要) need, offer, plan, regret, require, remember, seem, stop, try, wish, want 等 [注意] ：部分动词后接不定式与接动名词的含义不同。如stop, forget, remember He decided to buy (buy) the camera. I want to listen to (listen to) some music after class. I hope to travel (travel) all over the world one day. (2) 动词+疑问代（副）词 + to do I don’t know what to do. （做什么） how to do it / that. （怎么做） where to go (去哪里) when to leave (什么时候出发) (3) 动词 + it(形式宾语）+宾补 +to do I fi