上交大高职《城市轨道交通客运服务英语》教学资料 阅读文章 Rapid Transit.doc

上交大高职《城市轨道交通客运服务英语》教学资料 阅读文章 Rapid Transit.doc

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Rapid Transit A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated, or metro system is a railway system, generally in an urban area, that generally has high capacity and frequency, with large trains and total or near total grade separation from other traffic. Definitions and Nomenclature There is no single term in English that all speakers would use for all rapid transit or metro systems. This fact reflects variations not only in national and regional usage, but in what characteristics are considered essential. One definition of a metro system is as follows; an urban, electric mass transit railway system totally independent from other traffic with high service frequency. But those who prefer the American term subway or the British underground would additionally specify that the tracks and stations must be located below street level so that pedestrians and road users see the street exactly as it would be without the subway; or at least that this must be true for the most important, central parts of the system. On the contrary, those who prefer the American rapid transit or the newer term metro tend to regard this as a less important characteristic and are pleased to include systems that are completely elevated or at ground level ( at grade) as long as the other criteria are met. A rapid transit system that is generally above street level may be called an elevated system (often shortened to el or, in Chicago, L ). In some cities the word subway applies to the entire system, in others only to those parts that actually are underground; and analogously for el. Germanic languages usually use names meaning underground railway (such as subway or U-Bahn), while many others use metro. Train Size and Motive Power Some urban rail lines are built to the full size of main-line railways; others use smaller tunnels, limiting the size and sometimes the shape of the trains (in the London Underground the informal term tube train is commonly used). Some lines use light rail roll

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