并行程序设计导论.pptxVIP

第1页/共43页Roadmap# Chapter SubtitleWhy we need ever-increasing performance.Why we’re building parallel systems.Why we need to write parallel programs.How do we write parallel programs?What we’ll be doing.Concurrent, parallel, distributed!第一页，编辑于星期日：十五点 二十分。第2页/共43页Changing timesFrom 1986 – 2002, microprocessors were speeding like a rocket, increasing in performance an average of 50% per year.Since then, it’s dropped to about 20% increase per year.第二页，编辑于星期日：十五点 二十分。第3页/共43页An intelligent solution第三页，编辑于星期日：十五点 二十分。Instead of designing and building faster microprocessors, put multiple processors on a single integrated circuit.第4页/共43页Now it’s up to the programmersAdding more processors doesn’t help much if programmers aren’t aware of them…… or don’t know how to use them.Serial programs don’t benefit from this approach (in most cases).第四页，编辑于星期日：十五点 二十分。第5页/共43页Why we need ever-increasing performanceComputational power is increasing, but so are our computation problems and needs.Problems we never dreamed of have been solved because of past increases, such as decoding the human genome.More complex problems are still waiting to be solved.第五页，编辑于星期日：十五点 二十分。第6页/共43页Climate modeling第六页，编辑于星期日：十五点 二十分。第7页/共43页Protein folding第七页，编辑于星期日：十五点 二十分。第8页/共43页Drug discovery第八页，编辑于星期日：十五点 二十分。第9页/共43页Energy research第九页，编辑于星期日：十五点 二十分。第10页/共43页Data analysis第十页，编辑于星期日：十五点 二十分。第11页/共43页Why we’re building parallel systemsUp to now, performance increases have been attributable to increasing density of transistors.But there areinherent problems.第十一页，编辑于星期日：十五点 二十分。第12页/共43页A little physics lessonSmaller transistors = faster processors.Faster processors = increased power consumption.Increased power consumption = increased heat.Increased heat = unreliable processors.第十二页，编辑于星期日：十五点 二十分。第13页/共43页Solution Move away from single-core systems to multicore processors.“core” = central processing unit (CPU)Introducing parallelism!!!第十三页，编辑于星期日：十五点 二十分。第14页/共43页Why we need to write parallel programsRu