《会计英语》 Chapter 1电子课件.pptVIP

1.3 Divisions of Accounting Profession Many governmental accounting problems are similar to those applicable to private businesses.In other respects，however，accounting for governmental affairs requires a somewhat different approach because the objective of earning a profit is absent from public affairs.Non-profit organizations include universities，hospitals，churches，and charitable organizations.Non-profit accounting also follows a pattern of accounting that is similar to governmental accounting. 1.4 The Development of Accounting Accounting has a long history.Ancient accounting evidences were found in China，Babylonia，Greece，and Egypt.In the fifteenth century，Luca Pacioli，an Italian，established a system of record keeping which came to be called“double entry”.“It is one of the most beautiful inventions of the human spirit，and every good businessman should use it in his economic undertakings,”said Goethe,a German poet. 1.4 The Development of Accounting Double-entry-system is the foundation of the modern accounting.During the eighteenth century，the Industrial Revolution brought many social and economic changes.The specialized field of cost accounting emerged to meet the need for the analysis of various costs and for recording techniques.In the nineteenth century，the growth of corporations speeded the development of accounting.More and more individuals and institutions looked to accountants to provide information about these enterprises. 1.4 The Development of Accounting The development of corporation also created a new social need—the need for an independent audit to provide some assurance that management’s financial representations were reliable.In the United States，American Institute of Certified Public Accountants(AICPA) is the largest professional organization of accountants，same as to Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants(CICPA) in China. 1.4 The Development of Accounting Computers have revolutionized accounting recently.We have outstanding software