高三英语一轮复习---动词不定式简单用法归类教学.pptVIP

WELCOME 动词(dòngcí)不定式简单用法归类 第一页，共18页。 1.概述 动词不定式由to加动词原形构成,在某些(mǒu xiē)情况下可以省略to ,相当于名词,形容词和副词,在句中可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,补语,状语和独立成分. 第二页，共18页。 2.形式(xíngshì): 主动形式(xíngshì) 被动形式(xíngshì) 一般式 进行式 完成式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done 第三页，共18页。 (1).to do I am sorry to hear the news. He is determined to work harder next term. (2).to be doing They seemed to be talking about something important. (3).to have done I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. He is said to have gone abroad. 表示与谓语动词同时(tóngshí)或之后发生 与谓语(wèiyǔ)动词同时发生 发生(fāshēng)在谓语动词之前 第四页，共18页。 3.不定式的否定(fǒudìng)式 He got up early in order not to miss the bus. He promised never to make such a stupid mistake. 第五页，共18页。 4. 不定式在句中的作用(zuòyòng) (1).主语(zhǔyǔ) To save time is to lengthen life. It’s +形容词of (for) somebody to do. It’s nice of you to help me. It’s necessary for us to follow his advice. 第六页，共18页。 (2). His job is to teach English. (3).宾语 ①decide, want, agree, choose, hope, manage, expect, pretend, offer….to do He offered to go with us. ②不定式可以(kěyǐ)和疑问词一起构成宾语。 I don’t know what to do. He taught me how to swim. ③ it 做形式宾语，把真正宾语放在句子后面。 I found it interesting to study English. We thought it better to start earlier. 表语(biǎoyǔ) 第七页，共18页。 3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式； 动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如 difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive等，不定式用主动表被动。  The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。 I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得(jué de)这种车很好坐。 That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。 第八页，共18页。 (4).宾语(或主语)补足语 1)ask/tell/order/promise sb to do sth I asked him to give us a lecture. 2)四看：see/watch/observe/look at 三让：let/have/make 两听： hear/listen to 一注意(zhù yì)，一感觉：notice/feel/ 3)help sb (to) do sth The murde