新编英国文学选读第二版复习资料.pdfVIP

Chapter 8 The age of Romanticism: 1. From the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798 to the death of Sir Walter Scott in 1832, a new movement appeared on the literary arena. The essence of this new movement is the glorification of instinct and emotion, a deep veneration of nature, and a flaming zeal to remark the world. 2. The political and social factors that gave rise to the romantic movement were the three revolution: American and French Revolution; national liberation movements; democratic movements. 3. And Industrial Revolution: brought great wealth to the rich and worsened the living condition of the poor; Workers organized themselves andgave voice to their distress by breaking machines, which is called Machine breaking movement(Luddite movement) 4. The shift in literature from emphasis on reason to instinct and emotion was intellectually prepared for by a number of thinkers in the later half of the 18h century. 5. Rousseau: the father of Romanticism. He rejects the worship of reason. He maintains in the really vital problems of life, it is much safer to rely on feelings, to follow our instincts and emotions. He preachesthat civilized man should return to nature, praised the natural man as the noble savage and attacks the civilized man as the depraved animals. 6. Edmund Burke: As a political philosopher he is known for his Reflection on the Revolution in France. He distinguished between two kinds of beauty- the sublime and the beautiful. 7. Thomas Paine: He published The Rights of Man in 1791 to answer to Burkes Reflection. The Rights of Man asserts that man has no property in man and justifies the radical actions of French people in the revolution, claiming that it is the right of people to overthrown a government that opposes humanity. 8. Characteristic features of the romantic movement: 1)