长句的翻译-xuesheng实用.pdfVIP

第八讲 长句的翻译 大量使用长句结构是科技英语的特点之一。 长句是指含有较多或相当长的词组定语，词组状语等的简单句，或含有 数量较多相当长的各种从句的主从复合句及等立复合句。 英语一句话可以表达 好几层意思，而汉语习惯用一个小句表一层意思。由此，译长句时，必须抓住 全句的中心内容， 弄清各部分之间的关系， 分清上下层次及前后联系， 然后按 照汉语的表达方式， 正确地传达原文含义。 长句拆译的方法常用的有以下几种： 1、顺序法：长句的顺序与汉语相同时，可以按英语原文的顺序，依次译出。 例 1：Bringing more water to the land, improving the soil, providing plant nutrients, teaching the farmer better cultural practices, giving him more efficient tools, etc cannot yield maximum results unless the plants under cultivation are able to respond fully to the improved environment and practices. 例 2 ：The global economy that boomed in the 1960s, growing at an average of 5.5 percent a year, and pushed ahead at a 4.5 percent-a-year rate in the mid-1970s, simply stopped growing in 1981-1982. 例 3 ：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. 例 4 ：Typically, when a customer places an order, that order begins a mostly paper-based journey from in-basket to in-basket around the company, often being keyed and rekeyed into different departments computer systems along the way. 二、逆序法 由于英语惯用前置性陈述，先果后因；而汉语相反，一般先因后果，层层 递进，最后综合，点出主题。处理这类句子，宜先从后面译起，自下而上，随 着英语原文的顺序翻译。 例 1：In reality, the lines of division between sciences are becoming blurred, and science again approaching the “unity that” it had two centuries ago-although the accumulated knowledge is enormously greater now, and no one person can hope to comprehend more that a fraction of it . 例 2 ：Additional social stresses may also occure because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. 1 例 3：A stud