初三非谓语动词用法总结.pdfVIP

初三非谓语动词用法总结 I、非谓语动词的概说 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。 它不受人称和数的限制。 II.用法 一.动词不定式 to do 否定形式： not to do 1.做主语 动词不定式作主语时， 常用 it 作形式主语， 而将真正的主语放在句末， 其结构为： It + be + adj. + (for/ of sb.) + 动词不定式 , 且在 kind, good, nice, clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用 for 而用 of. E.g. To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. It ’s important for us to protect the environment. 不定式作主语常表示具体的或一次性的动作。 E.g. It is difficult to play this game. 3. 不定式作主语常表示目的或一件未完成的事。 E.g. He hopes to become a university student this year. 2.做宾语 1. 一般不做介词宾语，只能做某些动词的宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令，打算或希望的， 如： would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect, agree, learn, happen 等。 E.g. would you like to see a film this evening? 2. 在 find, think 后跟不定式做宾语时，常用 it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。 E.g. I find it easy to read English every day. 3. 常见的一些不带 to 的动词不定式， why not do … ,had better (not) do … ,would rather do, could/ would/ will you please (not do) E.g. I would rather stay at home. 3.作表语 多数情况下，不定式做表语，可转换为做主语。 E.g. My work is to clean the room every day. = To clean the room is my work every day. 4.做定语 1. 不定式做定语，要放在所修饰的词后面。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 Have you got anything to say? 2. 如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 3. 不定式常和疑问词 what, which, when, where, how 连用相当于一个宾语从句。 He didn ’t know where to go. (= where he should go ) 5.补足语 1. 不定式做宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。 tell, ask , want, allow, get , would like, encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。 My mother often encourages me to learn Japanese. 2. 有些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式做宾补。这时不定式要省略 to 。这些动词有：一感 ( feel )、二听 ( hear, listen to ) 、三让 ( make, let, have ) 、四看 (see, watch, look at, notice ) 、五帮 助( help ) 。但变被动语态时，必须加上 to 。 My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 6.做状语 1. 做