整套课件教程：当代世界经济.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 10.1 Development Strategy before China’s Economic Reform Selection of Heavy-Industry-Oriented Development Strategy—a leap forward strategy result of the political and economic environment both domestically and internationally the economic structure of industrialized countries Korean War win the race for economic development, quickly turning the nation into an independent and developed economy Nature of Heavy Industries and Problem for its Development extremely capital intensive and large scaled In direct conflict with China’s resource endowments and ability to mobilize resources at its stage of economic development in the 1950s Shortage of foreign exchange, and shortage of technology and equipment Macroeconomic Policies Supporting Heavy Industry’s Development Low interest rate Low exchange rate Low prices for production factors and living necessities The Effect of Heavy-Industry-Oriented Development Strategy High growth rate but low welfare level Distortion of industrial structure Low level of urbanization More closed and inward-looking Low microeconomic efficiency 10.2 China’s Economic Reform and Integration into the World Economy Economic Reform and its Achievements Incremental approach Four phases of reform First phase (1978~1984): characterized by reform in the rural area Second phase (1984~1992) : urban area with focus on state-owned-enterprise reform Third phase (1992~2000) : experimental period for establishing socialist market economy Forth phase (2000~2020): perfection of socialist market system Four Broad Aspects of Economic Reform Reform in the Countryside: “Household Responsibility System”, “Township and Village Enterprises” (TVE) State-Owned Enterprise Reform (SOE): “Management Responsibility System”, Rent Seeking, a three-pronged new approach—“Grasping the big ones and letting go of the small ones.” ownership reform—state-solely-owned firms, liability limited