英语：英语词汇学： 构词.pptVIP

英语词汇学Chapter 3 Word Formation Ⅰ构 词 Ⅰ;3.1 Morphemes 词素 ;3.1 AlloMorphs 词素变体;3 - These morphemes coincide with words as they can stand by themselves and function freely in a sentence. Words of this kind are called monomorphemic words. 这些词素与词一致，因为它们在句子中可以独立起作用，这类词叫单语素词。; 4 - Some morphemes, however, are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word. Such alternative morphs are known as allomorphs. 有些词素依据它们在词中的位置不同可有一个以上的不同形素完成，这些不同的形素叫词素变体。; 5 - There are cases where the allomorphs of the plural morpheme are realized by the change of an internal vowel or by zero morph. 名词复数词素的变体也有一些特别情况，可以通过改变内部元音或零形素来完成名词复数。 ;3.3 Types of morphemes 词素的类型 ;3.3.1 free morphemes Free Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. They are identical with root words, as each of them consists of a single free root, we might as well say that free morphemes are free roots. 彼此之间相互独立的词素叫自由语素。这些词素本身具有完整的意义，在句子中用作自由语法单位。自由词素与根词一致，因为根词就是由单个的自由词素构成的。因此，我们不妨说自由词素就是自由根词。 ;3.3.2 Bound morphemes 粘着词素 Bound Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound. They are so named because they are bound to other morphemes to form words. Bound morphemes are chiefly found in derived words. 不能独立成词的词素叫做粘着词素。之所以叫粘着词素是因为它们要粘附在别的词素上才 能构成词。粘着词素主要出现在派生词里。 ;Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and affix. 粘着词素有两类：粘着词根和词缀。 Bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a tree root, it is a bound form and has to combine with other 6 morphemes to make words. 粘着词根，就如自由词根一样，是带有根本意义的词的组成局部。与自由词根不同的是，粘着词根是一种粘附形式，???须与别的词素结合在一起才能构成词。 ;In English, bound roots are either Latin or Greek. Although they are limited in number, their productive power is amazing. They give birth to thousands and thousands of derived words in modern English.