句法状语从句.pptxVIP

句法状语从句第1页/共81页状语和状语从句Review Lessons 状语的定义和作用第2页/共81页状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。状语的形式和位置第3页/共81页在所有的语法范畴中，状语的形式最多样，它可以是单词、词组或从句；可以是副词（短语）、介词短语、分词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）、状语从句等。与其他语法范畴相比，状语的位置也最灵活，它可以出现在句首、句中或句末。例如：Immediately he replied. （句首）He immediately replied. （句中）He replied immediately. （句尾） 第4页/共81页副词（短语）作状语She is always losing her keys. 她总是丢钥匙。John drove too slowly. 约翰开车太慢。第5页/共81页介词短语作状语The best fish swim near the bottom. 好鱼居水底 I have lived here for three years. 我住这已经3年了。第6页/共81页分词（短语）作状语She sat there doing nothing. 她坐在那里无所事事。（doing的逻辑主语是she，它们之间是主动的关系）Given better attention, the trees can grow well. 如果得到更好的管理，这些树可以长得很好。（given的逻辑主语是the trees，它们之间是被动的关系）第7页/共81页为了表示明确的时间或条件，有时可在分词前加when, while, if等连词。例如：When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. 当离开机场的时候，她向我们频频招手。While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with Jane.在等火车的时候，我与珍妮进行了长谈。If translated word by word, the sentence will be meaningless. 如果逐字翻译，这个句子就没有意义。第8页/共81页分词有时也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语（即与句子的主语不一致），这种结构称为独立结构，在很多情况下表示时间、原因、条件或伴随的动作或情况。例如：The holidays being over, they began to get down to do their work again. 假期结束了，他们又开始认真地工作。So many people being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. 这么多人缺席，我们决定把会议延期。【特别提醒】第9页/共81页现在分词表示主动的意思，表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动的意思，表示动作的完成。第10页/共81页动词不定式（短语）作状语She was slow to make up her mind. 迟迟不能下决心。To be honest, I didn’t enjoy the party. 说实话，我不喜欢这个聚会。We live to serve the people heart and soul. 我们活着是为了全心全意为人民服务。第11页/共81页副词性从句---状语从句状语从句的种类对比训练与巩固第12页/共81页状语从句的分类While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place. ( )2. Where there is a will, there is a way. ( )3. Now that/Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. （ ）4. I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me. ( )5. So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. ( )6. As long as you don’t lose heart, you’ll succeed. ( )7. Try as he might, he could not find a job. ( )8. T