汽车巡航控制系统（ccs）的设计.doc

PAGE 47 汽车巡航控制系统（CCS）的设计 系 别: 专 业 名 称: 学 生 姓 名: 学 号: 指导教师姓名、职称： 汽车巡航控制系统(CCS)的设计 摘 要 随着经济的稳定增长和我国汽车工业的飞速发展，汽车消费迅速进入大众化阶段。人们对驾驶的安全性和舒适性的要求越来越高,巡航控制恰好满足了人们的这种需求。虽然有很多已开发的巡航控制系统，但比较昂贵。若使该系统步入普通家用轿车家族，还存在着一些困难。本文介绍的解决方案电路简单、价格低廉，有很好的应用前景。 在认真分析了巡航控制系统的基本原理,确定了输入输出信号以后，提出了一种闭环控制的巡航控制系统设计方案。由车速传感器采集的车速信号和设定车速的差值作为输入量，实际车速作为输出量。位置式PID控制算法造成计算机运算工作量大，而且计算机的任何故障都会引起执行机构大幅度的变化。然而就微分项而言,增量式算法容易引进高频干扰,导致调节性能不稳，显然，单纯采用PID 增量式算法或位置式算法都不能满足巡航控制的要求。所以将位置式、增量式算法结合起来,取长补短,组成PID 综合算法。 采用上述控制方法对汽车巡航控制系统进行了计算机仿真研究，建立了系统的仿真模型，详述了模型的建立过程。仿真结果表明：所采用的控制策略是可行的，能较好地模拟真实系统。 设计了基于 PIC 单片机的汽车巡航控制系统, 对设计过程作了必要说明。实验中，采样了多组车速与节气门开度的波形，验证了仿真结果的正确性。实验结果表明：系统的超调量较小，响应时间快，所采用的控制方法简单易行。 关键词 巡航控制； PID 控制；PIC 单片机；仿真研究 Design of Automotive Cruise Control System Abstract With the steady increase of economy and rapid development of automobile industry in our country, vehicle consumption becomes popular. security and comfort of driving becomes more and more important to people, Cruise Control just meets the demand. Many engineers have developed Cruise Control System,but the price is unaffordable to most people. The paper introduces a kind of scheme with simple circuit and low price which has a promising prospect of application. After analyzing the basic principle of CCS and defining input signals and output signals, a kind of close-looped control scheme is brought forward. The input is the error of the speed and the output is actual speed. Any faults of computer can cause great changes of executor and increase burden of computer by adopting positional PID. Differential part of incremental PID can hardly avoid high frequency interference which makes the system unstable. Obviously, using either positional PID or incremental PID can’t meet the demand. Therefore,positional PID controller and incremental PID method controller are integrated to solve the problem. The automobile Cruise Control System is studied by computer simulation with above controlling method. Simulation