AP生物 2019年真题 附答案和评分标准 AP Biology 2019 Real Exam with Answers and Scoring Guidelines.pdfVIP

2019 ® AP Biology Free-Response Questions © 2019 The College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. Visit the College Board on the web: collegeboard.org. AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org. AP® BIOLOGY EQUATIONS AND FORMULAS Statistical Analysis and Probability x = sample mean Mean Standard Deviation 2 n = size of the sample         1 n Â(xi -x ) x x s   i       n i 1 n -1 s = sample standard deviation (i.e., the sample-based   estimate of the standard deviation of the Standard Error of the Mean Chi-Square population)         2 SEx s c 2 Â(o - e) o = observed results n e e = expected results Chi-Square Table p Degrees of Freedom