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. 1.在from which 中,which指代的是前面的某个名词或代词。如: The village has only one well from which the villagers draw water. 这个村子仅有一口井供村民们取水。 2.在from where中,where指代的是前面表地点的介词短语,指明具体的地点方位。如: He hid himself under the bed, from where he could hear what they were talking about. (from where = and from under the bed) 3.一般情况下,where可直接引导定语从句。 What is the name of the town where we stayed last night? 我们昨晚呆过的那个小镇叫什么? 4.但在特定语境中,用where不如用from where。如: She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town. 她登上山顶,从那里她可以一览全城风光。 该句中的from where相当于and from on the top of the hill或from on the top of which…, 不可变为from which,但可直接用where引导。不过,语义较为含糊,不如from where生动、形象、具体。where常笼统地表示位置,所含的意义很泛,它可以指“不同方位的介词+地点/位置名词”,这些常见的方位介词有 in, on, by, at, below, under, beside, inside, above, near...等等。 We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below. 这里介词(from)+关系副词(where)相当于from +地点状语,即关系副词相当于代替前面的一个介词短语,以便所表达地点更加具体,更加清晰准确。 A: from which 中的关系代词which只能代替”一个表示地点/事物的名词,不能代替一个介词短语,有时候无法准确表达一个确切地点状语。 B:from where 中的关系副词where能代替一个“表示确切地点的介词短语”因此能描述一个比较准确地点状语。这个比较准确地点状语是用来说明定语从句谓语动作发生的地点。(即某人在某地干了某事) 定语从句中 from where = and from there(here) 从那里 since when = and since then 从那时起 She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.(非限制性定语从句) =She climbed up to the top of the hill, and from on the top of the hill she could have a good view of the whole town.(有连词and 连接并列句) 她登上山顶,从那里她可以一览全城风光。(引导定语从句) 划线部分相当于 A: and from on the top of the hill B: from on the top of which(which代替先行词the hill)
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