计算机组成与结构体系英文课件：Chapter8 MemorySystem.pdf

该文档是极速PDF编辑器生成， 如果想去掉该提示,请访问并下载： / Chapter 8 The Memory System Contents  8.1 The Memory System Overview  8.2 Semiconductor RAM Memories  8.3 Read Only Memories  8.4 Memory Hierarchy  8.5 Cache Memories  8.6 Virtual Memory  8.7 Secondary Storage  Summary 2 8.1 The Memory System Overview  Internal Memory and External Memory  The typical computer system is equipped with a hierarchy of memory subsystems.  Internal Memory (Primary Storage)  Internal to the system, directly accessible by the processor.  Example: Main Memory, Cache, Processor Registers  External Memory (Secondary Storage)  External to the system, accessible by the processor via an I/O module. 3  Basic Concepts  Memory Locations and Addresses  How the memory is organized?  The memory consists of many millions of storage cells, each of which can store a bit of information having the value 0 or 1.  The memory is organized so that a group of fixed size of bits can be stored or retrieved in a single, basic memory operation.  Word: Each group of fixed size of bits is referred to as a word.  Word length: The number of bits in each word is referred to as word length. It typically ranges from 16 to 64 bits. 4 Example: a 32-bit word