植物学课程课件：第三章 植物细胞、组织的结构及其功能.pptVIP

Early development of cell wall is from vesicles of Golgi system. The cell wall originates in mitosis (有丝分裂） when the cell plate is formed by the fusion of a large number of vesicles. 8) Early development of cell wall 细胞壁的早期发育 9) Plasmodesmata 胞间连丝 Plasmodesmata under　electron　microscope Ultrastructure Function 功能: material transport between cells aaa 10）纹孔 Pit 11）细胞壁的质变 ——由于特殊物质渗入细胞壁或细胞壁自身物质发生转变，使细胞壁的 生理功能和性质发生改变的现象。 主要类型有： 木化——木质素渗入次生壁中，使细胞壁变硬，但是不影响水和气体的通过。 角化——角质渗入初生壁中，使细胞壁对水和气体的透性降低，但利于脂类物 质的吸收。 栓化——栓质渗入次生壁，使细胞壁的弹性加强，而对水和 气体的透性降低。 矿化——某些矿物质渗入细胞壁中，增加细胞壁的硬度。? 粘液化——细胞壁自身物质发生转变成粘液，增强细胞壁的保水性，并减少 机械损伤。? 3.1.3 Vacuole 液泡 Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles within the cell that are filled with a liquid called cell sap (细胞液）. Vacuoles in a mature cell In the mature cell, as much as 80-90% of the volume may be taken up by the vacuole. The component of the cell sap Is water, salts, sugars and dissolved protein. Crystals ( calcium oxalate 草酸钙） Forming of vacuoles 液泡的形成 Function: Storage（储藏） Pigment （色素） deposition (anthocyanins 花青素）； Digestive activity 消化作用： breakdown of Macromolecules; Regulation of pH and infiltration Press (渗透压） 3.2 other structures and Function of plant cells 　　　植物细胞的其它结构及其功能 ? 3.2.1. Cell membrane is a remarkably changeable, multipurpose membrane 多功能膜 Membrane regulate the flux of materials Into and out of the cell and organelles 1)Protein control most membrane function Unrestricted movement of water and certain small, dissolved substances; Control or block the passage of some kinds of molecules Such as K+, H+, needing the energy from ATP; Function of Cell signaling. 2) Phospholipids form the thin bilayer of membranes, being important to cell. 磷脂组成膜的双分子层，对细胞有重要的功能 3) Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane. Flaccid 失水萎蔫