八年级下现在完成时全面知识点.docxVIP

— 现在完成时概念及用法： 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和 just（刚刚），already （已经），yet（已经），never（从不），ever （曾经），before（以前），so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续下去，常和 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用。此时的动词必须是延续性动词。构成：have/ has(助动词)+V 过去分词 肯定句：主语+ have/ has+V 过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+ have/ has+not+V 过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：have/ has+主语+ +V 过去分词+其他肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/ has. 否定回答：No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t. 常用标志词语 already, never, ever, just, before, so far, yet s,ince + 过去的时间点,for + 一段时间等 already 常用于肯定句；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。二 常用句型结构辨析 （一）have/has been to / have / has gone to / have/ has been in 辨析： ⑴ have/ has been to + 地名 “曾经去过某地” , 现在已经回到原地。 He has been to England twice．他曾经去过英国两次。(现在已经不在英国了) Have you ever been to the Great Wall？你到过长城吗?（现在已经不在长城上） ⑵ have gone to + 地名“已经去某地了” ， 说话时该人不在现场。He has gone to England。他已去英国了。 (已经不在说话的地方，到达英国或者在去英国的路上) ⑶ have been in + 地点 待在某地，常与时间段搭配。I have been in Shanghai for three years. （二） since 与 for 区别： 1）for 其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词性短语，可用于多种时态。表示动作或状态持续的时间长短； since 其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句（一般过去时）；也可以接“一段时间+ago”，常用于完成时态；还用于句型“It’s+时间段+since+一般过去时态的句子”。表示过去某个时间发生并持续至说话时的动作或状态。 I’ve lived in this city for five years. He usually sleeps for 12 hours every day. We’ve studied here since 2009. She has worked here for five years. It’s two years since I came to China. 练习：用 since 和 for 填空 Jim has been in Ireland last Monday. Jill has been in Ireland three days. His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital 0ctober. 2）for 与 since 引导的时间状语可以进行相互替换 My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. =My uncle has worked at this factory since five years ago. 练习： I have studied English for five years.----- I have studied English . （三）延续性动词与非延续性动词 延续性动词表示经过、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 I’ve known him since then. 表经历 He has finished the work. 表结果 （ （1）延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法： ①非延续性动词与短暂性时间（点）连用 非延续性动词也被称为终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如two years ago. He joined the Army three