并列平行结构及练习.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 高考英语中的“并列平行结构”及应试策略 一、平行结构：由并列连词连接两个或两个以上对等的语言成分构成。 二、并列连词及词组(平衡连接词)：连接多个平行的词、短语、分句或者从句。 单一式： and, or ,but 短语式： as well as, rather than ,other than, instead of 相关式： both...and, between...and, not only...but also, from...to, from...until, either...or, neither...nor, the same as, such as, as...as, not...but 对连接词连接的成分 对连接词连接的成分要求：形式对称； 功能相同（充当同样的句子成分）。 并列平行结构应该是名词和名词，副词和副词，分词和分词，不定式和不定式，动词和动词，句子和 句子等的并列，而不能其中一个概念用分词结构表达，而另一个概念用不定式或从句来表达。 比如下面两个句子就违反了平行结构的准则： Do some nice things for your parents that they dont expect like cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean the floors. 三、平行结构主要类型 名词和名词平行结构 The patients symptoms were fever, dizziness, and headache. 形容词和形容词平行结构 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 副词和副词平行结构 The work is handsomely and skillfully done. 分词平行结构(现在分词与现在分词 / 过去分词与过去分词 ) The boys were running, shouting and laughing. The old man returned home, disappointed and exhausted. 动名词 doing 平行结构 Henrys work is reading books and writing book reviews. 动词不定式平行结构 On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. 介词短语平行结构 Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test, but also on how you participate in class. We often go to the countryside as well as to factories. 谓语动词平行结构 谓语形式时态要一致 He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter. Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not used in warfare until two hundred years later. 排列位置的平行 主 not only 谓 but also 谓 对 Not only 主谓（倒装），but also 谓 错 Not only 主谓（倒） but 主谓 句子的并列（并列句） I was tired, but I felt happy. Not only 主谓（倒）， 主+also+谓 四、在高考中的体现及解题思路 解题思路：当并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时，这些被连接的成分必须是同一词性、同一形式。 特别要注意出现三项以上(含三项)的并列成分。 在短文改错中的体现：违反平行结构的准则是高考短文改错惯用的出题手段之一。 1．I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort．(1999 全国卷短文改错) 2.However my father had to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afte