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Chemistry: Atoms FirstJulia Burdge Jason OverbyChemical KineticsChapter 14Chemical Kinetics14.1 Reaction Rates14.2 Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions14.3 Measuring Reaction Progress and Expressing Reaction Rate Average Reaction Rate Instantaneous Rate Stoichiometry and Reaction Rate14.4 Dependence of Reaction Rate on Reactant Concentration The Rate Law Experimental Determination of the Rate Law14.5 Dependence of Reactant Concentration on Time First-Order Reactions Second-Order Reactions14.6 Dependence of Reaction Rate on Temperature The Arrhenius Equation14Chemical Kinetics14.7 Reaction Mechanisms Elementary Reactions Rate-Determining Step Experimental Support for Reaction Mechanisms14.6 Catalysis Heterogeneous Catalysis Homogeneous Catalysis Enzymes: Biological Catalysts14Reaction RatesChemical kinetics is the study of how fast reactions take place.Some happen almost instantaneously, while others can take millions of years.Increasing the rate of a reaction is important to many industrial processes.14.1Collision Theory of Chemical ReactionsMost reactions happen faster at higher temperature.Chemical reactions generally occur as a result of collisions between reacting molecules.According to collision theory of chemical kinetics, the reaction rate is directly proportional to the number of molecular collisions per second:14.2Collision Theory of Chemical ReactionsCollisions that result in a chemical reaction are called effective collisions.The activation energy (Ea ) is the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.Molecules must also be oriented in a way that favors reaction.Cl + NOCl → Cl2 + NOAn effective collision results in reaction.Correct orientation to facilitate reactionCollision Theory of Chemical ReactionsCollisions that result in a chemical reaction are called effective collisions.The activation energy (Ea ) is the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.Molecules must also be oriented in a way
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