湘阴县实验中学版高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破专题四并列句三大从句及特殊句式第二讲定语从句学案含解析外.docVIP

第二讲　定语从句 Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．(2020·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰a spot，且所填词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。 答案：where 2．(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.The artists reputation had made him proud. 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰paintings。 答案：whose 3．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)The Digital World is a set of volumes aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意：《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为volumes，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。 答案：that/which Ⅱ．单句改错 1．(2020·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. 解析：考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意：感谢你的来信，这真的让我很开心。先行词是your letter，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词which。 答案：what→which 2．(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation. 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意：理解了她的好意，我感激地吃完了妈妈准备的所有食物。此处为定语从句，先行词为all the food，关系词在定语从句中作主语。而且先行词被不定代词all修饰。故此处需要使用that引导定语从句，将what改为that。 答案：what→that 关系代词 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom 人 宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略) whose (＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 which 物 主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中其前无介词时可省略)、表语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 (一)关系代词that与which的用法辨析 1．只用that的情况 (1)先行词是all，everything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词； (2)先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰； (3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级； (4)先行词被the only，the very (正好、恰好)，the last修饰； (5)先行词中既有人也有物； (6)在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句； (7)先行词是the way，并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。 There is nothing that we can do now. 现在我们什么也做不了。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 2．先行词指物时，只用which的情况 (1)引导非限制性定语从句； (2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关