海绵动物门和扁盘动物门.pptxVIP

会计学;第一节 海绵动物的形态结构;第2页/共22页; （二）没有器官系统和明确的组织 由两层细胞构成，外层称为皮层，内层称为胃层（又 称领细胞层）。2层细胞之间是中胶层。皮层一般由扁平细 胞构成。扁平细胞之间有一些中央有一孔的孔细胞，孔细 胞可收缩，能调节孔的大小。胃层由领鞭毛细胞组成。领 细胞结构似塑料羽毛球状构造。食物颗粒经领鞭毛细胞吞 噬，在细胞内形成食物泡，进行胞内消化，或将食物转移 到中胶层内的变形细胞进行细胞内消化。不能消化的食物 残渣也由变形细胞经水流排除体外。皮层和胃层之间有非 细胞结构的中胶层，其中有变形细胞和骨针。 骨针形态有种的变异。骨针一般由钙质、硅质或角质 构成。 ;第4页/共22页;第5页/共22页;第6页/共22页;（三）具有水沟系;第二节 海绵动物的生殖和发育;第9页/共22页;第10页/共22页;第三节 海绵动物门的分类及分类地位;第四节 海绵动物的经济价值;小结; 1971年德国学者Grell将丝盘虫(Trichoplax adhaerens Schulze)建立为扁盘动物门。该虫的形状，大小，运动方 式与变形虫相似，但它属多细胞动物，最大个体仅 4mm，无前后之分，也无口等器官，整个虫体覆盖一层 具鞭毛的上皮细胞，背面细胞稍扁平，腹面细胞呈柱 状，背腹上皮之内充满来源于腹面上皮的实质组织 (parenchyma)，内有许多变形细胞。行出芽生殖和有性 生殖。胚胎发育无逆转现象。目前其分类地位未确定， 有的认为是吞噬动物门(Phagocytozoa)，立为一亚界；有 的将其列入侧生动物，但又无逆转现象。 ;第15页/共22页; ;Only a single species, Trichoplax adhaerens, is known in this phylum. Like the other Parazoa, it lacks tissues, organs and organ systems, head and tail, and left and right. Soft bodied and inconspicuous, it is the simplest of animals. Trichoplax looks like a very large amoeba; it is barely visible to the naked eye. One can see under higher magnification that the amoeba is really an animal composed of a few thousand cells. Because most of the surface cells bear undulipodia (cilia), the entire surface of the animal is ciliated. Trichoplax adhaerens, the simplest of all animals, found adhering to and crawling on the walls of marine aquaria.;Etymology:- From the Greek Plakos for flat and Zoon for animal, hence Placozoa is a flat animal. Characteristics of Placozoa: 1) Has no symmetry or constant shape. 2) Has no distinct tissues or organs. 3) Has no nervous system. 4) Has no body cavity or digestive cavity. 5) Body is shaped like a flat disc. 6) Body consists of a two layers of single cells. 7) Lives in marine environments. 8) One species only known Trichoplax adhaerens. ;First discovered in 1883 in a marine aquarium in Austria they were until recently considered to be planuloid larvae of some kind. Then in the 1960s it was discovered