waves and optics光与波动学35管子的共振模式.pdfVIP

实验Experiment P35: Resonant Modes 2 共振模式2– Resonant Modes of a Tube 管子的共振模式 (Power Amplifier, Voltage Sensor) （功率放大器，电压传 感器） Concept: waves 概念：波 Time: 45 m 时间：45 分钟 SW Interface: 700 科学 接口：700 Macintosh file: P35 Resonance Modes 2 Windows file: P35_TUBE.SWS EQUIPMENT NEEDED 所需仪器 • Science Workshop Interface 科学 接口 • Power Amplifier 功率放大器 • Voltage Sensor 电压传感器 • (2) Patch Cords 两付接插线 • Resonance Tube 共振管 PURPOSE 目的 The purpose of this laboratory activity is to investigate the resonance of sound in a tube. 本实 验的目的是研究声音在管子中的共振。 THEORY 原理 When a speaker vibrates near a tube, there are certain frequencies of sound at which the tube will resonate (vibrate at the same frequency as the speaker). A standing wave occurs in the tube when a wave is reflected from the end of the tube and the return wave interferes with an ing wave. However, the sound wave in a tube will actually be reflected several times back and forth between the ends of a tube. All these multiple reflections interfere with each other. In general, the repeatedly reflected waves will not be in phase and the amplitude of the wave pattern will be small. At certain frequencies of oscillation, all the reflected waves are in phase resulting in a high amplitude standing wave. These frequencies are called resonant frequencies, and occur because the dimensions of the tube are such that, at these frequencies, there occurs a um transfer of energy between the speaker and the tube. 当扬声器在管子附近振动时，一些特殊 频率 会引起管子的共振（用与扬声器相同频率的振动）。当一个波被管子末端反射回来时，反 射波将同入射波发生 ，从而产生一个驻波。然而，管子中的声波实际上将在管子末端 来回发生多次反射，产生的多个反射波将发生 。通常，这些反射波的位相并不相同， 因此合振幅很小。但是在某些振动频率上，所有的反射波具有相同的位相，从而产生一个 振幅很大的驻波。这些频率称为共振频率，它们的产生是由于管子的 使得在这些频率 上，扬声器与管子之间发生了最大的能量交换。 Like a standing wave on a string or wire, a standing sound wave has nodes and antinodes. A displacement node in a standing sound wave is a point where the air doe