初中英语知识点小结 主动语态和被动语态.pdfVIP

初中英语知识点小结 主动语态和被动语态 语态表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语 态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要 用主动语态，如：We speak Chinese in China.在中国我们说汉 语；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其 他人完成的，那么用被动语态,如：Chinese is spoken by us in China.在中国汉语被我们说。 1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语； 2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过 be 的变 化来表达出不同的时态； 3 主动语态的主语变为介词 by 的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动 构造中的谓语动词之后。（有时 by 的短语可以省略）； 例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的 过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过 去分词 A new shop was built last year. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动 词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去 分词 Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词 的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. 6. 现在进展时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及 物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted. 1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 What wi happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 mi ion years ago. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes we . This new book se s we . 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略 to 的动词不定式，主动语态 中不带 to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。 例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主 语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. 5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整 体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. 对于语态考查，多以单项选择、词语运用的形式考查学生在详 细语境中灵活运用被动语态的能力。一般情况下，会综合考查时态 和语态，这时，要根据语境和动作发生的时间来