初中英语常用知识点总结.pdf

初中英语常用知识点总结 被动语态 初中英语学习最难的是语法，因为英语的语法跟汉语的语法有很大的不 同。其中被动语 态是初中英语学习的重点和难点。被动语态特点和用法。 一、被动语态的构成形式 1.被动语态的根本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由 be+过去分词构成，be 随 时态的变化而变化。 以do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为: 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词)一般现在时 例：Visitors are requested not to touch the e 某 hibits. 2) has /have been done 现在完成时 例：All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start. 3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例：A new cinema is being built here. 4) was/were done 一般过去时 例： | was given ten minutes to decide whether | should reject the offer. 5) had been done 过去完成时 例：By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6) was/were being done 过去进行时 例：A meeting was being held when I was there. 7) shall/will be done 一般将来时 例:Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 第 1 页 共 10 页 8) should/would be done 过去将来时 例:The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时 (少用) 例:The project will have been completed before July. 2.被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+ be+过去分词。 例:The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一 个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保存在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾 语。 例:His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语〞结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结 构中的主 语，其余不动。 例:Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4)在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要 省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。 例：Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词〞，“动词+ 副词〞 等，也可以用 于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体, 不能分开。其中的介词