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- 约2.38千字
- 约 106页
- 2022-05-31 发布于北京
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图像表示;图像空域表示及质量评价;黑白图像;灰度图像;;Picture Quality assessment; Traditionally --- 主观评价法:
(1) the degraded pictures are shown to a group of subjects and their views on the perceived quality or distortions are sought.
(2) subjects will then give a score between 1 and 100 containing for each picture.
(A) 1–20 : bad, 21–40: poor, 41–60 : fair, 61–80 : good and 81–100 = excellent
(B) Pictures are presented to the viewers for about ten seconds
(C) At least 20–25 non-expert viewers are required
(3)the average of the viewers scores, defined as the mean opinion score is a measure of video quality.
This method are used in assessment of still images.;1)PSNR评价图像要求有原始未降质的图像存在,但实际生活中这往往是不存在的。
2)PSNR仅反映图像整体质量,与局部质量无关。
3)PSNR为正值。;;24-bit color Image;R=218,
G=37,
B=204 ;This format support 256×256×256 possible combined colors;8-bit color Image;;图像的稀疏表示;傅立叶变换;利用欧拉公式,将三角级数化为:;;如果信号周期 时, ,信号的傅立叶变换在数学上的定义非常严格,如果信号满足下面的狄里赫莱条件:
1)具有有限个间隔点;
2)具有有限个极点;
3)绝对可积。;则信号的傅立叶变换为
其中, 为时域变量, 为频域变量, 。傅里叶变换是一个线性积分变换。傅立叶逆变换为:
;离散傅立叶变换 ;快速傅立叶变换(FFT);快速傅立叶变换;;;一个N点的离散傅立叶变换可由两个N/2点的傅立叶变换得到;图像傅立叶变换 ;设一副二维离散图像 的大小为 ,则二维离散傅立叶变换定义为:
二维离散傅立叶逆变换为: ;;;;FT的优缺点;余弦变换;一维离散余弦变换;二维离散余弦变换;The 2D-DCT is separable!;CT变换的优缺点;Block size 8×8 ????
small block
faster
correlation exists between neighboring pixels
large block
better compression in smooth regions;二维 图像块的DCT可以理解为先对图像块的每行进行一维DCT,然后对行变换后的每列再应用一维DCT。可以表示为:;;;;200;515;515;32;512;199;1;;整数余弦变换 ;;;;
;;Wavelet Transform Coding;Consider the transform that replaces the original sequence with its pair-wise average and difference.;;应用:图像去噪;FT,CTWT变换目的及不足;离散K-L变换;;;;;;;;;;;;图像协方差矩阵;问题是:如何选取一个合适的正交变换A,使得变换后的图像Y=AX
1)是具有MN2个分量的向量
2)由Y经反变换而恢复的 (向量X的估值)和原始图像具有最小的均方误差,即 ;X向量的协方差矩阵CX定义为
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